Physiologic actions of L-arginine include stimulating the release of growth hormone through origins in the hypothalamus. Also L-arginine enhances immune function when given with ribonucleic acid (RNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
Lysine is considered essential an amino acid, as it cannot be synthesized by the body. It is required for collagen synthesis and thus may be important to bone health. Co-supplementation of calcium and L-lysine increased the intestinal absorption and renal conservation of calcium.
Zinc consumption is effective in increasing the average weight and height of infants and improving motor development. It also plays a role in immune function, growth and development, behavior and learning. It has been shown to modulate the innate immune system.
Vitamin A improve growth and development in children with vitamin A deficiency. This Vitamin stimulating immune function. Retinoic acid is required in maintaining sufficient levels of natural killer cells, and might increase the production of cytokines, such as interleukin 1.
Vitamin D may prevent falls by increasing muscle strength and neuromuscular function in addition to strengthening bone. It is used to help prevent osteoporosis and be necessary for bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) appears to promote cholinergic and serotonergic nerve conduction and synaptic axonal transmission.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) play roles in synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is involved in a neurotransmitter synthesis and immune function.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) is essential for energy production, neurologic function and coenzyme for various metabolic functions, including metabolism and protein synthesis.